Method of lining metallic pipes, receptacles, or other containers



Dec. 20, 1949 A. F. ALLAN 2,491,467

METHOD OF LINING METALLIC PIPES, RECEPTACLES,

OR OTHER CONTAINERS Filed Aug. 24, 1945 INVENTOR Amhfimld F. AllanATTORNEY Patented Dec. 20, 1949 METHOD OF LINING METALLIC PIPES, RE-

CEPTACLES, OR OTHER CONTAINERS Archibald F. Allan, Melrose Park, Pa.Application August 24,1945, Serial No. 612,515

1 Claim. (01. 29-162) (Granted underthe act of March 3, 1883, as amendedApril 30, 1928; 370 0. G. 757) This invention relates to a method oflining metallic pipes, receptacles or other containers. It furtherrelates to a method of lining metallic pipes, receptacles or othercontainers with a metallic lining which is resistant to the corrosiveaction of acids and alkaline solutions.

It has for its primary object the production of a composite structure ofthe above items which is leak-proof.

A further object of the invention is to produce a composite metallicstructure which will prevent galvanic action being set up between thecontained solution and the exterior elements of the composite structure.

An additional object of the invention is to produce a strong and durableconstruction which will carry solution at a relatively high pressuresatisfactorily.

Heretofore, it has been customary to line, for example, pipe with a leadlining in which the lead lining is bonded to the exterior shell of thecomposite structure. Various methods for installing a lead lining, forexample, in a copper pipe, have been used; but due to the fact that inthe making of bends in the pipe, stresses and strains are set' up in thelining and also in the exterior shell. Cracks develop in the liningpermitting the solution to come into contact with the outside shell orat a flanged joint, where the lining is lapped,

breaks frequently occur, not immediately visible at the time ofmanufacture, but in service, so that in general the results of suchconstruction have been unsatisfactory.

With the above objects and defects in view, the present invention hasbeen made with the idea of producing a structure which is free from thesaid defects.

In the accompanying drawings and in the following description isdisclosed the preferred construction of a composite pipe. It is notdesired to be limited thereto as it is obvious that the sameconstruction is applicable to items other than pipe, for example, aheader of a condenser. Also,

the same construction could be used for the con-,

2 bending the flange of the lining over the leak ring.

Figure 4 is an elevation showing the method of attaching the air line tothe other end of the lining.

Figures 5 and 6 are elevations respectively showing a lining and its twolongitudinal sections preliminary to placing them in a surrounding tube.

In Figure 1, l0 represents the external pipe or tube of the compositestructure into which tube II has been drawn. l2 represents a flange onthe end of the external pipe. There is also another flange on the otherend shown in Fig. 4. A wire rope 20 is attached to the reduced end oftube II at 2| In Figure 2 the other end of pipe 10 is shown flanged asat l2. The projecting end of lining tube H is shown at 32. Leak ring 38is shown placed against the face of flange 12 over the end of tube H. At3| is shown a leak notch whose function will appear later.

In Figure 3 is shown the first step of flanging the extending end 32 oflining H over the leak ring. This bending operation results in theproduction of a flange which will serve later on in forming a sealedjoint. i

In Figure 4 is shown a method of connecting an air line 40 onto theother end of the lining as at 4|. In Figure 5 is an elevation showing alining tube which has been cut longitudinally into two halves 5| and 52shown in Fig. 6 which are bent to fit approximately a compound curve.

The basic process of this invention is designed to secure a satisfactorylining in straight sections or in sections with a long radius bend.Certain modifications of the basic process are employed for sectionswith short radius bends, or with branches.

The lead lining may be made up in the shop or purchased commercially.When made up in the shop, it is formed into a tube from sheet lead andthe seam is secured by lead burning. The seam is then hammered lightlyto close the pores in the cast metal. The outside of the lead pipe soformed is then tinned heavily with half and half solder. The thick,heavy coat of solder is secured by not wiping the pipe closely duringthe tinning operation. This usually leaves some bubbles or solder on thepipe; but these are desirable if not too large or too sharp. Lead pipingwith a light and even coating of half and half solder is availablecommercially in sizes of nine inches and under.

,pipe. released'and the projectingrend' of" the :lead lining is out 01f.Suflicientlead lining :is leftttoxturn V-shaped groove. and any puckersor bulges noted= areddressed --downwith a suitable hand tool. The-blanksare then replaced and the hydrostatic test repeated.-

The outside diameter of the lead lining is about /6" less than theinside diameter of the section of the pipe to be lined. The lining isabout longer than the pipe. A reducing screw fitting is installed in oneend of the lead pipe. This fitting is used as an attachment forpullingtubes' through pipes. In Figureil this screwed -fittin'g isclearly shown at 22 and 2|. The lead lining is then drawn by cablethrough the pipe to be lined,

as shown in this figure. I I

An escape ring is slipped over-'thelea'djon the end opposite to thedrawing end and brought up against the flange of the pipe. :This ringisthick; its inside diameter is the same as the inside diameter of thepipe being lined. "The'ou'tside diameter of the ring is such that theouter edge of the ring is just inside the bolt holes of the flange onthe pipe being lined. "A-V-"shaped gutter or leak-off groove 31 is cutacross the face of the ring bearing against the flange of the .pipe.:There is no gasket-between" the two. The projecting lead of the lineris then 'cu'tofigleaving "a. suflicient projection i: 3 2 i to turn iback into the face of the ring, as shown in Figure 3. An'or'dinary steelblank is. then bolted to the flange. propergasketuis fitted betweentheubla'nk and the turned over lead lining. A A,." hole is tapped in theblank.

'The fitting on the. opposite end of thelead lining is thenplugged. fAnair hose is connected to'thisend of: the lining and air admitted? to"the :interior of the 'leadlining under-pressure, as shown inrFigureA..Thespressure'is regulated to about 15 lbs. per square inch, whichexperience has shown to be theirightamount tomju'st force the lead'liningisnugly'" against the=wal1.-sof::the The air hose is thendetached; :pressureiis over on the escape ringrwhich' 'is' securedizinfthe same manner as describedv above. :IfGare'm'ust be exercised to seethatthe v "gutters.taretrinrthe same oclock position at'eachend'o'fsthepipe.

After steel blanks :or suitable rclosure :means are secured for closingeach end ofthenpi-pe;

a hydrostatic pressure of about l"lbs; per,'square .inch is applied tothe interior of thelining through the A" hole in eitheronerof theblanks.

If there is any opening or-porosity in the-:lea'd it will show asleakage between .-.the ring' and the face of the fianga'particularlyithroughxthe The iblanks are then removed The water is then emptied fromthe pipe blanks replaced, and the pipe is placed in the heat treatingfurnace-with-the V groove in-the rings :'at the top. -An air connection.-is;'screwed- ,-into the blanks at both ends otthepiping. Tubing fromthese connections serves as air-supply with vent lines, and are ledoutthrough-smallholes in the furnace. Control avalves. are placed in:both lines. .Several .pieces. of .pipe -may. be, and

often are, placed in the furnace --at;onc,e,. fitted -\vith a commonairsupply and vent .line. Gauges are fitted on both supply and-ventlines.

The furnace, equipped with thermo-couplesior temperature control, islightedand broughtmp to 500 Fahrenheit in45 minutes. .This temperatureismaintainedfor about l5-.toj20.minutes.

While the furnace is heating, .air.is. admitted slowly to the pipevand-pressurebrought up and maintained at 20 lbs. per square inch..llVh'en. the

furnace temperature 1 reaches lthe maximum of mi: With a simple bend,:the two :;sections--can be .gwexcess lining projecting from the pipe iscut back to within of an inch of the flange face. The

*area -rbetweenthe lead and flange bevel is filled withhaif andh'alfsolder. The flange face is 'then' filed-smooth and the job is completed.

In the case of pipes or bends which are too shortto be lined-asdescribedabove, the procedure isanodified somewhat. In such cases, piping lengthsmust be designed so that one flange will bo -close to thetermination ofthe bend. The

-'-'straight section of piping at the other end of the bend must beshort enough so that a mechanic can-reach:intmthe 2.!(3flj0f17h9b811dit0perform .burning operation. In each ;;case the; proximity of the flangeto. theaarea-of the bend is determined :by the diameter-10f the pipe.-With-larger :pipes, r the flange. can .be. somewhat farther {from thebend. The. lead lining for 'theebend-is made up twohalf sections. Figure5; shows half-sec- :tions fora compound-bend. lgEach-section'is bent andfitted to the shape of the bend. The two sections are securedtogethera-bydead-burning.

formed .by lead .burningvprioitto installationand the resultant tubetinned with half and half solder. In the case of compound;bends,thetwohalf sections are tinned separatelyeandrburned together with lining inplace, in the; pipe. In this case, the joint is lapped-gas; described.below; for

joints between the bends and straight-sections ':0f the lining.Thisisrequiredinorder toapreserve a :uniformcoatingof solderoventhewhole lining. .It is desirable; therefore, to .avoid cornpoundbends =-wherever possible. P-rocedure from then'onisthe sameas forstraight ;-pi-pe.

Where .there is la straight, section :of appreciable length on oneaendof the bend,-a lead lining is made up in the :usual mannerfor, thissection of the pipe. It .is inserted .in the. pipe sozas to-overlap.theliningof the :bendby-about 1''. The tinning-solder-of the partswhich overlap is wiped.smoothebeforehand. The

T lap is hammered lightly :untilthe lead is hard against the pipe. .andlightlyhammered again.

The-lap" isthen lead: burned Piping with branches should be so :flangedthat .the'branch will be close enough tothe. end ofithe .pipe to; permita lead, burner :to. reach the branch from the end of thepipe.The.lead.-lining-.-is in stalled in the main section of the pipejustrasif no branch existed. fAernet-alr plate-saddleisrinse-rted in the branchto provide. adequate backing tor the- -leadlininginthis vicinity. It isslightly less inadiameter than the diameter oifithe branch. ..A-.bo1t iswelded-to it so that it will extend beyond the faceofthe branch flange.Thesaddle rests against the liningof themainsec'tionof the. pipe.

.The saddle bolt v arojectsthroughv a strong back, bolted to thebranch:flange. vThe .saddleflbolt is .provided-with a nut atthetopand'bottomofthe strong back forholdingsa'ddle .in a fixed .Iposition relative to.the branch ifiange. [Thisprovides the branch for the applicationofairpressure. .A'fter necessary support to the mainlead liningat thethe lining is .installedwi-th. air; pres'sureinj the ..mainsection..of...the..pipe, the, saddle (andblan'ks are removed. The lead.j at L 'thel bolttoin .of the branch is cut. out, leavinggenough leaderitheiedg'e to turn up about 1 /2" into the branch with a suitable tool.A lead sleeve is then inserted into the branch with lap, as was the caseabove. The joint between branch and main linin is made by lead burning.The pipe is then tested hydrostatically and bonded as before.

The process herein described has defined a method of making a compositepipe structure. As stated, supra, the process is applicable to theproduction of items other than pipe. i. e. acid containers, condenserheads etc. These are obviously within the scope and spirit of theinvention to the extent as defined by the appflnded claim.

The invention described herein may be made or used by or for theGovernment of the United States for governmental purposes without thepayment to me of any royalties thereon or therefor.

What is claimed is:

A method for affixing a tubular liner to the interior surface of atubular member, wherein said member is provided with a flanged endsupporting a ring vented to the interior of said member. said methodincluding the following steps: coating the interior of said member'withsolder; applying a thick coating of solder to the exterior surface ofsaid liner; arranging said liner within said member so that said linerlongitudinally extends in an outward projection beyond said end 1. saidmember, and so that there is a substantial clearance between theinterior surface of said member and the exterior surface of said liner;turning back said projection onto the face of said ring; securingclosure means thereon for closing bot-h ends of said member; supplyingsufiicient fluid pressure internally of said liner to fully seat saidliner against the interior surface of said member; and simultaneouslyapplying suffiicient heat thereto to cause said thick coating to flowinto and to fill all cavities, indentations and the like in the interiorsurface of said member.

ARCHIBALD F. ALLAN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

.0 UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 714,903 Hinds Dec. 2, 1902 i895,412 Badger Aug". 11, 1908 596,114 Murray Aug. 17, 1926 Hapgood Sept.26, 1933 Kepler Dec, 21, 1943

